{{B}}intErnAtionAl trADE{{/B}} sinCE thE EnD oF worlD wAr ⅱ, intErnAtionAl trADE hAs DEvElopED DrAmAtiCAlly.All CountriEs in thE moDErn worlD join in worlDwiDE trADE, through whiCh vArious sorts oF mErChAnDisE AnD{{u}} (51) {{/u}}mAtEriAls ArE ExportED in{{u}} (52) {{/u}}For ForEign CurrEnCy, whiCh mEAns inComE wEAlth From{{u}} (53) {{/u}}AnD joB opportunity At homE, AnD in thE mEAntimE, ForEign gooDs ArE importED to proviDE ConsumErs with{{u}} (54) {{/u}}AnD wElComE mErChAnDisE. toDAy, EConomiC intErDEpEnDEnCE Among CountriEs is so{{u}} (55) {{/u}}thAt no Country CAn ClosE its Doors to thE outsiDE worlD, AnD thE morE prospErous thE nAtionAl EConomy, thE morE DEvElopED thE ForEign trADE.EConomiC gloBAlizAtion is now A{{u}} (56) {{/u}}in thE worlD、 But in thE pAst whEn olD AnD nEw ColoniAlism rulED thE worlD thErE wAs no FrEE AnD FAir trADE At All. powErs,{{u}} (57) {{/u}}thEBritish EmpirE, thE unitED stAtEs, russiA, jApAn, DiviDED thE worlD into thEir sphErEs oF inFluEnCE—thEir ColoniEs or DEpEnDEnCiEs, whErE thEir BusinEssmEn{{u}} (58) {{/u}}thEir mErChAnDisE At high priCEs AnD Bought{{u}} (59) {{/u}}rAw mAtEriAls AnD lABor At low priCEs.{{u}} (60) {{/u}}oF wEAlth FlowED to thEsE powErs whiCh thEn grEw prospErous,{{u}} (61) {{/u}}thE ColoniEs wErE DrivEn into DEstitution (贫困). thE nAtionAl EConomy oF ColoniEs wAs innAtEly DEFECtivE. thEir inDustriEs CoulD not survivE thE ovErwhElming{{u}} (62) {{/u}}oF imports From thE powErs. thEir monotonous nAtionAl EConomy{{u}} (63) {{/u}}in proDuCtion oF onE or two AgriCulturAl Crops or{{u}} (64) {{/u}}proDuCts or minErAls, to BE solD in intErnAtionAl mArkEt, For ExAmplE, orAngE AnD sugArCAnE inCuBA, BAnAnA AnD CoFFEE in southAmEriCA, CoAl in polAnD, All{{u}} (65) {{/u}}to supply-DEmAnD rElAtion in worlD mArkEt unDEr Control oF thE powErs.EvEn thEir Customs wErE govErnED By oFFiCiAls From thE powErs, whosE ExportED gooDs thus CoulD EntEr thE ColoniEs nEArly Duty-FrEE. it wAs AFtEr thE CollApsE oF ColoniAlist systEm All ovEr thE worlD thAt FrEE AnD FAir intErnAtionAl trADE, At lEAst thEorEtiCAlly, CoulD BE possiBlE. |
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