| 考研每日一练（2019/11/13） |
| 第1题：There are a number of formats for reporting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom they address. We will now briefly describe them. The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the literature (often referred to as "background"), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion). The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (research or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal.Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by researchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not. The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involved in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the student’s ability to carry out research. The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquiA、At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations.As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are researchers or practitioners. How can a professor evaluate a student’s capability of implementing the researchA．By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and disscussion. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research. C．By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etC、 D．By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the date and results et |
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| 第2题：广义的德育包括思想教育、道德教育和()。
A．政治教育、法制教育 B．政治教育、心理教育 C．法制教育 D．政治教育 |
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| 第3题：眩晕而见头痛如刺，口唇紫暗，肌肤甲错，健忘，心悸失眠，耳鸣耳聋，脉细涩。其治法是( )
A．清化湿热，健脾化痰 B．燥湿祛痰，健脾和胃 C．化湿除痰，理气和胃 D．祛瘀生新，通窍活络 |
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| 第4题：中国人民银行从2005年3月17日起调整商业银行自营性个人住房贷款政策：一是将现行的住房贷款优惠利率恢复到同期贷款利率水平，二是对房地产价格上涨过快的城市，个人贷款最低首付款比例由现行的20%提高到30%。这说明 A、政府可以运用经济手段对房地产市场进行宏观调节 B．中央银行具有依法制定和实施货币政策的职能 C．政府可以直接配置资源，降低金融风险 D．发放贷款是商业银行的惟一业务 |
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| 第5题：简述奥苏伯尔的教学理论的主要观点。 |
| 【分析题】： |
| 第6题： 下列说法中，______是不正确的。 A．古典主义注重抒发个人思想情绪 B．启蒙文学批判专制制度 C．浪漫主义表现主观思想和个人感情 D．现实主义着力批判社会阴暗面 |
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| 第7题：以下属于地位量数的是______。
A．标准分数 B、中数 C、几何平均数 D、平均差 |
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| 第8题： 上级国家机关的决议、决定、命令和指示，如有不适合民族自治地方实际情况的，自治机关可以____． A．报经该上级国家机关批准后变通执行 B．停止执行，并自行制定适合本地区的决议等 C．提请该上级国家机关重新制定适合本地区实际情况的决议等 D．报请国务院决定 |
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| 第9题：{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} Researchers found no sign of gene loss over the past 6 million years, suggesting the chromosome is "doing a pretty good job of maintaining itself," said researcherDavid Page of the Whitehead Institute forBiomedical Research inCambridge, Mass. That agrees with prior mathematical calculations that suggested the rate of gene loss would slow as the chromosome evolved, Page and study co-authors note in Thursday’s issue of the journal Nature.And, they say, it clashes with what Page called the "imminent demise" idea that says the Y chromosome is doomed to extinction. The Y appeared 300 million years ago and has since eroded into a dinky chromosome, because it lacks the mechanism other chromosomes have to get rid of damagedDNA、So mutations have disabled hundreds of its original genes, causing them to be shed as useless. The Y now contains only 27 genes or families of virtually identical genes. In 2003, Page reported that the modern-day Y has an unusual mechanism to fix about half of its genes and protect them from disappearing.But he said some scientists disagreed with his conclusion. The new paper focuses on a region of the Y chromosome where genes can’t be fixed that way. Researchers compared the human and chimpanzee versions of this region. Humans and chimps have been evolving separately for about 6 million years, so scientists reasoned that the comparisons would reveal genes that have become disabled in one species or the other during that time. They found five such genes on the chimp chromosome, but none on the human chromosome, an imbalance Page called surprising. "It looks like there has been little if any gene loss in our own species lineage in the last 6 million years," Page saiD、That contradicts the idea that the human Y chromosome has continued to lose genes so fast it’ll disappear in 10 million years, he saiD、"I think we can with confidence dismiss … the ’imminent demise’ theory," Page saiD、 JenniferA、Marshall Graves of theAustralian National University inCanberra, a gene researcher who argues for eventual extinction of the Y chromosome, called Page’s work "beautiful" but said it didn’t shake her conviction that the Y is doomeD、 The only real question is when, not if, the Y chromosome disappears, she saiD、"It could be a lot shorter than 10 million years, but it could be a lot longer," she saiD、 The Y chromosome has already disappeared in some other animals, and "there’s no reason to expect it can’t happen to humans," she saiD、If it happened in people, some other chromosome would probably take over the sex-determining role of the Y, she saiD、 |
| 第10题：{{B}}Text 3{{/B}} This should be a season of celebration.After all, by many measures, there’s never been a better time to be a woman. In places like Scandinavia andBritain, a third or more of all corporate managers are now women. The number of female executive directors of FISE、100 companies nearly doubled from 2000 to 2004. LatinAmerica has seen a 50 percent jump in the number of women politicians in the last decade. Japan voted 26 new female parliamentarians into office this year. Of course, the jewel in the equal-opportunity crown was this fall’s election ofAngela Merkel -- once nicknamed "the Girl" by Helmut Kohl -- to Germany’s highest office. But as always, statistics tell a multifaceted story. Sure, it’s no longer an anomaly to have a femaleCEO -- but there are still only 17 female executive directors in the largest FTSE、100 companies. In theEU Parliament, only 23 out of 162 members are female. InBritain, studies show that women have never been more dissatisfied with the workplace. No wonder: theEU pay gap between men and women shrank only one point in the last couple of years, to 17.5 percent. So where does all this leave us With some big challenges that require more female leadership to solve.At some major companies -- including Shell andBritish Telecom -- women are combating the old-boys’ club atmosphere by starting their own networks, linking top female leaders with up-and-comers they can mentor. Labor flexibility is also on the agenda; in parts ofEurope, top female legislators have fought to give employees with children or elderly parents the right to ask for adjustable hours. Perhaps most important, there is an increasingly vibrant debate around work-life balance. Study after study shows that it is a working woman’s second full-time job -- as caregiver -- that makes it most difficult for her to stay on the career ladder. While extra benefits and longer maternity, leave can help, they aren’t a complete solution. Clearly, some out-of-the-box thinking is requireD、And that’s where women come in. In countries likeCameroon,Bolivia and Malaysia, greater numbers of women in public office have resulted in less spending on the military and more on health, education and infrastructure. Norway’s woman-heavy Parliament recently passed a law mandating that 40 percent of directors on corporate boards be women.And in Germany, the archetypal outsider -- a woman who grew up on the wrong side of the IronCurtain -- will likely take the helm in a country with virtually no other women in top positions of power. No longer "the Girl" but poised to become the chancellor, Merkel is a symbol of how far women have come -- and the work that remains to be done. |
